英语考研单词整理笔记

1、allocate(vt)～sth to sb/sth assign sth for a special perpuse(为某目的)配给，分配某事物给某人

allocate funds to us for repair work拨出经费给我们做修理费

◎ allocation(n)配给，分配，拨出

★ apportion(vt)～sth among/to sb give sth as a share分配某事物，分派某事物

I don’t wish to apportion blame among you/to any of you。我不愿意怪罪大家。

◎ apportionment(n)分配，分派

2、brawl(n)大声争吵，打架

(vi)打闹

gangs of youths brawling in the streets在街上打打闹闹的一帮青年

★ fight(vi)～against争取克服、战胜、摧毁或防止某事物

fight against poverty与贫困做斗争

The two dogs are fighting over a bone。两只小狗为一块骨头撕咬。

(vi)～about/over sth争吵，争论

It’s a trivial matter and not worth fighting about。区区小事不值得争吵。

(词组)fight back反击，回击，抵抗

After a disastrous first half the team fought back to level the match。该队在上半场惨败后重整旗鼓以求扳回平局。

(词组)fight sb/sth off抵抗或击退某人某事物

fighting off repeated enemy attack击退敌人一次又一次的进攻。

3、cynical(adj)愤世嫉俗的，自私的不为人所齿的，心中只有自己的尔尔。

They’ve grown rather cynical about democracy他们逐渐感到所谓民主制度也不过

★ sarcastic(adj)讽刺的，讥讽的，挖苦的

a sarcastic person好挖苦的人

◎ sarcasm(n)讽刺，挖苦

★ contemptuous(adj)鄙视的，表示轻蔑的

He threw it away with contemptuous gesture。他带着不屑一顾的样子把它扔了。

★ sneer(vi)～at sb/sth嘲笑，讥笑某人某事物

I resent the way he sneer at our efforts我们已十分努力而他还讥笑我们，我很反感。

4、embellish(vt)～sth with sth美化、装饰或修饰某物;渲染、添枝加叶(使之更有趣，可笑)

a dress embellished with lace and ribbons有花边和饰带的连衣裙

He often embellishes the tales of his travels。他常给他的旅游趣闻添枝加叶。

◎ embellishment(n)装饰、渲染、润色;装饰之物

★ adorn(vt)～sth/sb/oneself with sth装饰某物、某人、自己，装点，佩戴，装扮

The dancer was adorned with flowers跳舞的人戴着许多花。

5、gallant(adj)勇敢的，英勇的;华丽的，堂皇的

a gallant soldier勇敢的战士

a gallant ship华丽的船

◎ gallantry(n)勇气，勇敢，英勇

He won many hearts by his gallantry。他以殷勤热情赢得芳心无数。

★ splendid(adj)华丽的，壮丽的，堂皇的

a splendid house富丽堂皇的房子

6、immerse(vt)～sth in sth使某物浸于某液体中

immerse the plant in water把植物浸在水中

(vi)～oneself in sth使自己专心于，沉浸于

He immersed himself totally in his work。他埋头于工作。

★ plunge(vi)使某物突然而猛力投入，穿入，进入等;陷入;使某物突然前移或跌落

They plunged into the water他们跳进了水中

The news plunged us in despair。我们听到那消息后就陷入了绝望。

7、ostentatious(adj)夸耀的'，炫耀的，卖弄的

dress in a very ostentatious manner穿的非常显眼

◎ ostentation(n)(对财富、知识、技巧等的)夸耀、炫耀、卖弄

Their daughter’s wedding reception was sheer ostentations他们女儿大办婚事纯

粹是为了炫耀。

★ showy(adj)炫耀的，显示的

8、presentiment(n)预感(尤指不祥的)，凶兆

a presentiment of trouble ahead要出乱子的预感

★ foreboding(n)要有危险或坏事的预感

She had a sinister foreboding that the plane would crash。她有个不祥的预感，飞机

要失事。

◎ forebode(v)预示(尤指坏事)

9、satiate(vt)(通常用于被动语态)使某人充分满足而不再需要某事物

She pushed her chair back from the table，satiated。她把椅子从餐桌处向后挪了挪，再也吃不下了。

★ surfeit(n)(通常做单数)过度，过量(尤指饮食)

a surfeit of rich food is bad for you。多吃油腻食物对身体有害。

(vt)～sb/oneself with/on sth向某人/自己过多的提供某物(尤指食物)

10、undulate(vi)波动，起伏，呈波浪形

wheat undulating in the breeze微风中起伏的麦浪

◎ undulation(n)波动，起伏

★ wave(vi)(指固定的物体)往复或上下摆动

a flag waving in the breeze微风中飘扬的旗子

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