从推断作者意图做阅读题
一、被动语态用于以下几种情况
不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者。如:
Many new buildings are built in our
强调动作的承受者。如:
The wounded1 man has been sent to a
动作执行者有比较长的修饰语。如:
The person was supported by those who wished to have a chance to make friends with
出于礼貌,不愿说出动作的执行者。如:
You are requested to attend the
二、过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别
系表结构中的过去分词是表示主语的特征或状态;而被动结构则是表示主语是动作的承受者。试比较:
Our building is surrounded with the (系表)
The film is usually showed on (被动)
系表结构不能带有by引导的短语;而被动结构中可以用by引导的短语引出动作的执行者。试比较:
The book is well (系表)
The book was written by Lu (被动)
三、使用被动语态应注意的几点
带双宾语的主动结构的句子,变为被动语态结构时,只能将其中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个宾语仍要保留。如果保留的是间接宾语,要在间接宾语之前加上介词to或如:
We are taught English by 或English is taught to us by
主动语态中的不带to的动词不定式作宾补变为被动语态时,要加上不定式符号如:
The boss made him work over twelve hours a
He was made to work over twelve hours a
短语动词用于被动语态应作为一个整体,不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。如:
The meeting has been put
有些及物动词和及物动词短语(多表示“静态”)不能用于被动语态,常见的有have, cost, lack, last, own, hold, fit, agree with等。
有些不及物动词以主动形式表示被动意义,常见的有cut, wash, write, sell等。如:
The shirt washes